On 23 July 2025, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) issued an advisory opinion concerning the obligations of states with regard to climate protection. This case originated from an initiative by students from the Pacific Island Students Fighting Climate Change, who demanded actions to protect islands threatened with extinction due to climate change. The initiative…
The latest explanations issued by the Ministry of Finance on 3 July 2025 regarding withholding tax (hereinafter: the WHT Explanations) clarifies that an entity may be recognised as the beneficial owner of a payment even if it relies on the so-called shared personal and asset substance, i.e. the personnel or infrastructure of other companies within…
On 1 August 2025, the Head of the National Revenue Administration issued a protective opinion (ref. DKP16.8082.1.2025), which is of significant importance for companies planning to switch to Estonian CIT after undergoing reorganisation. In the case in question, the authority found that the redemption and sale of shares leading to the elimination of an investment…
Asset and personnel substance is one of the most important elements in determining the status of the beneficial owner [hereinafter: ‘BO’] for the purposes of withholding tax [hereinafter: ‘WHT’]. The tax explanations published on 3 July 2025 by the Polish Ministry of Finance concerning the application of the so-called beneficial owner clause for withholding tax…
“Debt analysis,” “debt capacity,” “analysis of debt servicing ability” – many terms exist in the world of transfer pricing, but they all refer to the same issue. It is no longer a secret that tax authorities, when examining financial transactions, check not only the level of applied interest rates but also other conditions, including the…
Work is underway on a new regulation by the Minister of Infrastructure, which will update the rules for reimbursing the costs of using a private vehicle for business purposes (known as mileage rates). The planned changes will not only increase the rates but will also introduce clear guidelines for electric, hybrid, and hydrogen vehicles. This…
Continuing the TP and VAT series, in which we discuss the most important cases regarding intra-group settlements (see: Intra-group settlements under the scrutiny of the CJEU – key issues in transfer pricing and VAT), this time we are looking at the Arcomet case (C-726/23), which introduces a new perspective on a well-known topic. The issue…
The sports industry is constantly growing year on year, and its development is closely linked to the increasing level of sponsorship. Sponsors are a kind of stimulus for the development and expansion of Polish sports clubs, both in the domestic and international sports world. However, sponsorship payments also entail a number of income tax consequences…
On 9 July 2025, the Minister of Finance published the long-awaited tax explanatory notes regarding so-called beneficial owner clause for withholding tax purposes (hereinafter: WHT Explanatory Notes). Their publication is of significant importance for withholding tax remitters and taxpayers who, since 2022, have been and continue to be particularly exposed to increased controls and proceedings…
If you bought or sold cryptocurrencies (or, to use the formal term, virtual currencies) during the tax year, you will need to report either the income you earned or the costs you incurred in your annual PIT-38 return. The deadline for filing is April 30 of the following year. This requirement also applies if you…