In its judgment in the Polish case of 8th May 2025, ref. C 615/23, the CJEU confirmed that lump-sum compensation paid by local government units to public transport operators, aimed at covering losses from this business activity, is not subject to VAT. The judgment confirms the previous practice on the qualification of public subsidies in…
Modern companies operating in international markets face the challenge of aligning customs and transfer pricing policies. A lack of consistency between these areas can lead to significant tax, operational and financial risks. For this reason, close cooperation between customs and transfer pricing departments is essential – only through collaboration can risks be effectively managed, and…
With the launch of the first deposit return systems in October 2025, new rules will come into force for beverage containers included in the system and marked with the “DEPOSIT” on a label. However, many beverage containers will remain on the market—either temporarily or permanently—that are not included in the deposit system. This will significantly…
On 30 April 2025, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) delivered another important judgment in Case C-278/24 (Genzyński) concerning the compatibility with EU law of the Polish rules on the joint and several liability of board members for company tax arrears. The CJEU ruled that the current regulations – while permissible under…
Consortia are a commonly selected form of cooperation for the execution of large-scale projects, particularly in the construction, engineering, and financial sectors. The formation of a consortium typically serves the purpose of jointly executing a specific commercial undertaking which, due to its financial, logistical, technical, or organisational complexity, exceeds the capacity of a single entity.…
The rapidly evolving economic landscape, growing expectations towards businesses, and emerging regulatory frameworks present undeniable challenges and obligations for entities in the construction industry. At the same time, however, the proper management and implementation of new ESG-related obligations may offer tangible tax benefits for businesses taking proactive steps in this area. A few words about…
Znaczenie znaku towarowego w budowaniu wartości firmy Znak towarowy to chronione prawem oznaczenie, które identyfikuje produkt lub usługę jako pochodzącą z określonego źródła. Znak towarowy to jeden z kluczowych elementów budujących tożsamość przedsiębiorstwa na rynku – pozwala odróżnić towary lub usługi jednego przedsiębiorcy od innych. Może przyjmować różne formy – od nazwy, logo, przez kształt…
Cryptocurrencies are becoming increasingly popular in everyday business transactions, including as a means of payment in commercial relationships. While the tech community approaches this development with enthusiasm, tax authorities still appear to lack a full understanding of the nature of cryptocurrencies and their practical application in business. A ruling issued by the Director of the…
Persons who earn income from abroad – for example, from interest or dividends – must declare this tax themselves in their annual PIT return. It often happens that tax has already been deducted at source from such payments abroad. The amount depends on the country of payment. In practice, the tax paid abroad is often…
In recent years, transfer pricing policy has evolved from a purely tax-focused document into a key component of broader compliance strategy. Regulatory changes – both at national and EU levels – now require transfer pricing (TP) policies to address not only tax regulations but also customs matters, environmental concerns, and corporate governance (ESG) considerations. Why…